Aramco

Iran-backed Houthi forces claimed large-scale drone, ballistic and cruise missile attacks on King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh, the Aramco refinery at Rabigh, and military sites across southern Saudi Arabia, declaring Saudi airspace an open theater except for holy sites. Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan activated the Mecca Pact, agreeing to rapidly deploy military forces and capabilities to the Kingdom. Britain warned it would expel 27 Israeli diplomats and their families if Israel follows through on closing the UK consulate in East Jerusalem.

Houthi missile and drone strikes on Saudi energy facilities wounded 73 people, including women and children, and halted operations at some sites. Israeli ministers called for recognizing Argentina's Falklands claim and expelling the UK ambassador ahead of expected British settlement trade restrictions. A new Haaretz investigation says UAE President Mohammed bin Zayed explicitly warned Netanyahu of Hamas plans days before October 7, which Netanyahu's office denies.